Yesterday I wrote a post entitled How Green is Your Printshop that covered some of the green initiatives from suppliers that are being seen at drupa. One of the responses to this entry came from Alex Fisher The PR Officer of Ingede. His comments are printed below.
It is "a lot easier to recycle paper" - yes, if it has been printed with offset or gravure or dry toner. But not if it has been printed with current inkjet. This is the discrepancy at this year's drupa: Green and inkjet are the main topics, but they do not match. Waterbased does not necessarily mean environmentally friendly. Because many waterbased inks cannot be recycled.
This is especially true for inkjet inks, no matter whether they are dyes or toners. They are not only unrecyclable for new graphic paper - even in small amounts, inkjet printed papers can spoil a load of recovered paper dedicated to be recycled for new newsprint or office papers. The current inkjet inks dissolve in the process water and dye it like a red sock (or here black sock) in the white wash. There it is the underwear that turns pink, here the fibers that turn so dark that the paper screened out of this broth will not meet any brightness specification any more.
Most inkjet manufacturers close both eyes and try to ignore that problem. But a green process is not only one using a machine with a recyclable hood. It is also a process that spits out printed products which do not harm the environment. You have to think "green" not only productionwise, also productwise. Especially for high volumes with a short life that are likely to end up in the household collection. How should a consumer know that the inkjet mailing is not "green" at all? Probably only if it will carry a "red" label?
That might be the ultimate solution that legislation at least in Germany already provides - to mark products that do not fit in the established paper recycling system. Imagine a printer having to label every product leaving his shop as unrecycleable, as harmful for the recycling process? Which customer would want to buy these products? So better think twice what kind of machine you think is an "environmentally excellent printer".
For many people Ingede is an unknown organization , however it is a key player in the greening of our industry. Leading European paper manufacturers founded the "International Association of the Deinking Industry" in 1989. The current members are 40 paper mills and research departments of paper mills from Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Czech Republic and the UK.
What are the goals of INGEDE? - Today recovered paper is recycled to produce cardboard, packaging paper, office papers, newsprint and hygiene paper. In the future more recovered paper can and should be recycled, also for higher quality graphic papers recovered paper can be used as a resource. In order to keep these products light, to avoid them getting darker even going through multiple recycling, the ink has to be removed: the recovered paper goes through the deinking process. This process should harm the environment as little as possible, and it should also lead to a high quality product. To achieve these goals, everybody involved in these steps has to cooperate.
Ingede is certainly not happy about the situation with inkjet printing. It is saying that the new high-speed inkjet presses that are being promoted for newspaper production and direct mail are heading us towards an ecological dead end and pose a danger to the paper recycling process. The full text of this can be seen in a press release from Ingede - http://www.deinking.de/ingindxe/press/pr0801.html. This release was published in January this year and I am not sure whether some of the newer inkjet technologies that use a binding agent to stop ink being absorbed into the paper improve the deinking process by allowing the inks to be more easily separated from the paper.
It is also interesting to note from the post that HP have put on the PrintCEO blog site entitled "The Inconvenient Truth about Solid Ink, The Polar Bears Have Spoken" that Xerox's green solid ink inkjet technology where the ink does not dissolve in the recycling water appears to have some 'non-green' aspects in its use of power. Perhaps we should just stick to good old dry toner!
Discussion
By Noel Ward on Jun 07, 2008
Andy beat me to the keyboard on the Ingede info. It was passed to me about an hour before I left drupa by a toner printer vendor and I am planning on some follow up. Still, this issue of recycling may pose a significant barrier to market acceptance of IJ in an increasingly "green conscious" world. I know of several transactional service bureaus that are already being asked by their customers to show proof of environmentally sound practices and inkjet has come up as a concern. Time will tell, but everyone has to watch this issue closely.
By pat Berger on Jun 07, 2008
I made similar comments on may 26
http://printceoblog.com/2008/05/fujifilm-introduces-first-b2-format-digital-sheetfed-press#comments
Pat
By Pat Berger on Jun 08, 2008
From the past and what could be the future.
A few major US newspapers tried the waterbased flexo production method with great success.
In many instances it turned into a local environmental disaster.
The newspapers were none recyleable in the local recycling stream.
At the recycleing centers the newspapers had to be hand sorted to be seperated into two groups flexo and non flexo.
It is extremely difficult to visually tell if a newspaper has been produced by flexo or offset or letterpress.
All the papers that could not be properly sorted when destined for the landfill.
if there is no local newspaper recycleing then flexo is ok according to the local established practices because it has no effect everything ended up in the landfill anyway.
I do beleive that this could end up being the same with the present INK JET production methods.
Our industry has many many such ocurrances, not just envronmental, but in all aspects of print production from prepress to pressroom to consumables that always seem to stay burried in the past when they could be used as a teaching tool for now and into the future.
Pat Berger
By Axel Fischer on Jun 08, 2008
"Perhaps we should just stick to good old dry toner!"
Good idea - at least for production printing. We are curious to see whether the bonding agent improves recyclability. HP and Kodak Versamark have realized that there is a problem that nobody thought of when this technology was developed (though we published that already in 2001). We are in close contact now and hope to find ways to make inkjet better deinkable.
We see the problems that are described with flexo in the US also in the UK and in Italy.
Axel Fischer.
By Henk Gianotten on Jun 09, 2008
Some inliner producers (the base material for corrugated board production) expect that the prices for sorted recycle paper will increase and the prices for the base material for inliner will decrease due to the influence of IJ.
It's not the basic material but the printing process and the supplies.
A printer from Finland recently mentioned a environment-friendly report printed on "green" paper. However it had a laminated cover. The base material for the lamination however could not be recycled! In spite of the fact that the cover material can be removed, such a combinations seems tricky.
We have all kinds of "Green" and "ECO" on this Drupa but also introduce new problems caused by inkjet.
Eddy Hagen (VIGC, Belgium) recently warned for these problems.
By Lode Deprez on Jun 10, 2008
PIRA conference on sustainable printing in Philadelphia next week (June 19-20) will also deal with these topics.
http://www.sustainability-in-printing.com/
By Chuck Hura on Jun 11, 2008
Note that INGEDE also states that liquid toner is not de-inkable. In fact, they've come out with a statement claiming that HP is making FALSE claims about de-inkability of the Indigo press prints. A pretty strong stance from an independent organization.
By Axel Fischer on Jun 13, 2008
We usually avoid this kind of statements. By repeating incorrect claims despite our continuous objections and by quoting our research for the contrary of what we found, HP forced us to do so. We are very disappointed of what HP's marketing actions for drupa made of what looked like a fruitful cooperation and hope that with the end of drupa this will also come to an end.
Axel Fischer
INGEDE
By Rick Lindemann on Jun 16, 2008
INGEDE is pretty close-minded in general, I believe. Since most European countries have a harder time with water availability, their official deinking process doesn't include washing, which is a common method of deinking, particularly for smaller particle sizes, which inkjet uses. The IPA just had a good webinar about the deinkability of digital print processes. Jan Walter from Western Michigan's Paper Science Program was the presenter.
By Andy McCourt on Jun 17, 2008
This is a very revealing and important thread. Thanks Andy & others. I am passionate about making our industry as environmentally-responsible as possible. We already undersell ourselves in this regard, all the way from from managed plantation forest to end product and recycling.
Question: not all recycled fibre needs to go back into making the same product does it? Egg cartons from newsprint is an example. Until de-inking technology for IJ is good enough, could IJ products end up as packaging, low-grade boards, cartons etc?
By Andy McCourt on Jun 18, 2008
Hello again,
I did some research and found that enzyme and biological removal of inkjet pigments and dyes is underway. Not only does it decolorise the pulp, but it does so with much less environmental impact as few chemicals are used in 'washing.' Here is an extract from an Indian patent:
"Recycling of office waste paper (photocopy, inkjet, and laser prints) is a major problem due to difficulty in removal of nonimpact ink. Biological deinking of office waste paper is reported using several microorganisms and their enzymes. We report here deinking and decolorization of the dislodged ink particles from inkjet printed paper pulp by a marine bacterium, Vibrio alginolyticus isolate no. NIO/DI/32, obtained from marine sediments. Decolorization of this pulp was achieved within 72 h by growing the bacterium in the pulp of 3-6% consistency suspended in seawater. Immobilized bacterial cells in sodium alginate beads were also able to decolorize this pulp within 72 h."
So all it requires is for mills to adapt to this new trend, as they have always done in the past with CTMP etc. Science ultimately has an answer for almost everything, except where all the left (dyed) socks disappear to.
By Axel Fischer on Jun 19, 2008
Dear Andy,
Science has an answer for everything, but usually doesn't pay for it. Paper recycling is a fine-tuned large scale process with a turnover of about 500 to 1,500 tons a day - and there is no way to adapt it with major effort to minor contaminants without losing yield on the other end.
"Downcycling" paper for board is sure possible, but you also need to be able to produce newsprint. Who will sort the paper? Inkjet for board, offset for news? How will you tell an inkjet printed newspaper from an offset paper in the sorting plant? It is already difficult enough to separate board from paper. Usually you want to make new graphic paper as for newsprint or office papers from household collection which is mainly newspapers and magazines.
In Europe, one of our major achievements was closed water cycles that do not pollute rivers any more. That is what makes us so "close-minded" about using an inefficient process that washing is for newsprint production. Washing is necessary for hygiene papers, in newsprint production it is an expensive way to cope with problems that hydrophilic inks such as flexo inks and inkjet create.
By Andy McCourt on Jun 19, 2008
Dear Axel,
Thanks for a revealing post. I checked with Australia's newest recycling plant run by Visy. It is also claimed to be the world's largest one feeding directly into a mill (330,000 tonnes pa). Their response is 'no problems de-inking either toner or inkjet printed paper.' I am checking their mill output - it may be testliner & cartonboard; 'Downcycling' as you say but they do say they are de-inking inkjet. Australia has extremely tough environmental laws where fresh water is concerned because we have so little of it. Any process that uses water must adhere to stringent environmental laws and the penalties for pollution are now severe.
I do think the 'no way' stance is somewhat myopic. We once had a hole in the Ozone layer; it has now closed because we found a way to reduce CFCs. Many said 'no way' back then. An industry that refuses to adapt to both market and sociological stimulii is destined for failure.
Also, the issue of pre-and post-consumer waste does not appear to be sufficiently addressed in this debate. A lot of the paper that goes into the recycled content of newsprint and white printing papers is pre-consumer, mill offcuts etc. It's never been printed.
With respect to sorting; yes I have visited a sorting line and it is challenging, so the answer is to either make the sorting more efficient or invent an homogenous process that deals with all printable fibre. A recycling sorter can not be expected to distinguish Offset from Flexo from Inkjet but let's say 'Le Monde' changes to Flexo or Inkjet production. All you have to do is sort by masthead - Le Monde e.g. goes onto conveyor 'B' for example. Or better still the publishers of Le Monde develop a method of recovering their own used newspapers.
Whatever the solution - and there are many - it is emotive and misleading to call inkjet-printed high volume print an 'ecological dead-end.' Even in its current form of partial de-inking, it is not an ecological dead-end.
If European mills do not rise to the challenge of dealing with high-volume inkjet-printed paper, for sure the Chinese mills will take every scrap they can get and find a way of de-inking and recycling it over there.
Discussion
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